Library mathcomp.solvable.sylow

(* (c) Copyright 2006-2015 Microsoft Corporation and Inria.                  
 Distributed under the terms of CeCILL-B.                                  *)

Require Import mathcomp.ssreflect.ssreflect.

The Sylow theorem and its consequences, including the Frattini argument, the nilpotence of p-groups, and the Baer-Suzuki theorem. This file also defines: Zgroup G == G is a Z-group, i.e., has only cyclic Sylow p-subgroups.

Set Implicit Arguments.

Import GroupScope.

The mod p lemma for the action of p-groups.
Section ModP.

Variable (aT : finGroupType) (sT : finType) (D : {group aT}).
Variable to : action D sT.

Lemma pgroup_fix_mod (p : nat) (G : {group aT}) (S : {set sT}) :
  p.-group G → [acts G, on S | to] → #|S| = #|'Fix_(S | to)(G)| %[mod p].

End ModP.

Section ModularGroupAction.

Variables (aT rT : finGroupType) (D : {group aT}) (R : {group rT}).
Variables (to : groupAction D R) (p : nat).
Implicit Types (G H : {group aT}) (M : {group rT}).

Lemma nontrivial_gacent_pgroup G M :
    p.-group G → p.-group M → {acts G, on group M | to} →
  M :!=: 1 → 'C_(M | to)(G) :!=: 1.

Lemma pcore_sub_astab_irr G M :
    p.-group M → M \subset R → acts_irreducibly G M to →
  'O_p(G) \subset 'C_G(M | to).

Lemma pcore_faithful_irr_act G M :
    p.-group M → M \subset R → acts_irreducibly G M to →
    [faithful G, on M | to] →
  'O_p(G) = 1.

End ModularGroupAction.

Section Sylow.

Variables (p : nat) (gT : finGroupType) (G : {group gT}).
Implicit Types P Q H K : {group gT}.

Theorem Sylow's_theorem :
  [/\ ∀ P, [max P | p.-subgroup(G) P] = p.-Sylow(G) P,
      [transitive G, on 'Syl_p(G) | 'JG],
      ∀ P, p.-Sylow(G) P → #|'Syl_p(G)| = #|G : 'N_G(P)|
   & prime p → #|'Syl_p(G)| %% p = 1%N].

Lemma max_pgroup_Sylow P : [max P | p.-subgroup(G) P] = p.-Sylow(G) P.

Lemma Sylow_superset Q :
  Q \subset G → p.-group Q → {P : {group gT} | p.-Sylow(G) P & Q \subset P}.

Lemma Sylow_exists : {P : {group gT} | p.-Sylow(G) P}.

Lemma Syl_trans : [transitive G, on 'Syl_p(G) | 'JG].

Lemma Sylow_trans P Q :
  p.-Sylow(G) P → p.-Sylow(G) Q → exists2 x, x \in G & Q :=: P :^ x.

Lemma Sylow_subJ P Q :
    p.-Sylow(G) P → Q \subset G → p.-group Q →
  exists2 x, x \in G & Q \subset P :^ x.

Lemma Sylow_Jsub P Q :
    p.-Sylow(G) P → Q \subset G → p.-group Q →
  exists2 x, x \in G & Q :^ x \subset P.

Lemma card_Syl P : p.-Sylow(G) P → #|'Syl_p(G)| = #|G : 'N_G(P)|.

Lemma card_Syl_dvd : #|'Syl_p(G)| %| #|G|.

Lemma card_Syl_mod : prime p → #|'Syl_p(G)| %% p = 1%N.

Lemma Frattini_arg H P : G <| H → p.-Sylow(G) P → G × 'N_H(P) = H.

End Sylow.

Section MoreSylow.

Variables (gT : finGroupType) (p : nat).
Implicit Types G H P : {group gT}.

Lemma Sylow_setI_normal G H P :
  G <| H → p.-Sylow(H) P → p.-Sylow(G) (G :&: P).

Lemma normal_sylowP G :
  reflect (exists2 P : {group gT}, p.-Sylow(G) P & P <| G)
          (#|'Syl_p(G)| == 1%N).

Lemma trivg_center_pgroup P : p.-group P → 'Z(P) = 1 → P :=: 1.

Lemma p2group_abelian P : p.-group P → logn p #|P| ≤ 2 → abelian P.

Lemma card_p2group_abelian P : prime p → #|P| = (p ^ 2)%N → abelian P.

Lemma Sylow_transversal_gen (T : {set {group gT}}) G :
    (∀ P, P \in T → P \subset G) →
    (∀ p, p \in \pi(G) → exists2 P, P \in T & p.-Sylow(G) P) →
  << \bigcup_(P in T) P >> = G.

Lemma Sylow_gen G : <<\bigcup_(P : {group gT} | Sylow G P) P>> = G.

End MoreSylow.

Section SomeHall.

Variable gT : finGroupType.
Implicit Types (p : nat) (pi : nat_pred) (G H K P R : {group gT}).

Lemma Hall_pJsub p pi G H P :
    pi.-Hall(G) H → p \in pi → P \subset G → p.-group P →
  exists2 x, x \in G & P :^ x \subset H.

Lemma Hall_psubJ p pi G H P :
    pi.-Hall(G) H → p \in pi → P \subset G → p.-group P →
  exists2 x, x \in G & P \subset H :^ x.

Lemma Hall_setI_normal pi G K H :
  K <| G → pi.-Hall(G) H → pi.-Hall(K) (H :&: K).

Lemma coprime_mulG_setI_norm H G K R :
    K × R = G → G \subset 'N(H) → coprime #|K| #|R| →
  (K :&: H) × (R :&: H) = G :&: H.

End SomeHall.

Section Nilpotent.

Variable gT : finGroupType.
Implicit Types (G H K P L : {group gT}) (p q : nat).

Lemma pgroup_nil p P : p.-group P → nilpotent P.

Lemma pgroup_sol p P : p.-group P → solvable P.

Lemma small_nil_class G : nil_class G ≤ 5 → nilpotent G.

Lemma nil_class2 G : (nil_class G ≤ 2) = (G^`(1) \subset 'Z(G)).

Lemma nil_class3 G : (nil_class G ≤ 3) = ('L_3(G) \subset 'Z(G)).

Lemma nilpotent_maxp_normal pi G H :
  nilpotent G → [max H | pi.-subgroup(G) H] → H <| G.

Lemma nilpotent_Hall_pcore pi G H :
  nilpotent G → pi.-Hall(G) H → H :=: 'O_pi(G).

Lemma nilpotent_pcore_Hall pi G : nilpotent G → pi.-Hall(G) 'O_pi(G).

Lemma nilpotent_pcoreC pi G : nilpotent G → 'O_pi(G) \x 'O_pi^'(G) = G.

Lemma sub_nilpotent_cent2 H K G :
    nilpotent G → K \subset G → H \subset G → coprime #|K| #|H| →
  H \subset 'C(K).

Lemma pi_center_nilpotent G : nilpotent G → \pi('Z(G)) = \pi(G).

Lemma Sylow_subnorm p G P : p.-Sylow('N_G(P)) P = p.-Sylow(G) P.

End Nilpotent.

Lemma nil_class_pgroup (gT : finGroupType) (p : nat) (P : {group gT}) :
  p.-group P → nil_class P ≤ maxn 1 (logn p #|P|).-1.

Definition Zgroup (gT : finGroupType) (A : {set gT}) :=
  [∀ (V : {group gT} | Sylow A V), cyclic V].

Section Zgroups.

Variables (gT rT : finGroupType) (D : {group gT}) (f : {morphism D >-> rT}).
Implicit Types G H K : {group gT}.

Lemma ZgroupS G H : H \subset G → Zgroup G → Zgroup H.

Lemma morphim_Zgroup G : Zgroup G → Zgroup (f @* G).

Lemma nil_Zgroup_cyclic G : Zgroup G → nilpotent G → cyclic G.

End Zgroups.


Section NilPGroups.

Variables (p : nat) (gT : finGroupType).
Implicit Type G P N : {group gT}.

B & G 1.22 p.9
Lemma normal_pgroup r P N :
    p.-group P → N <| P → r ≤ logn p #|N| →
  ∃ Q : {group gT}, [/\ Q \subset N, Q <| P & #|Q| = (p ^ r)%N].

Theorem Baer_Suzuki x G :
    x \in G → (∀ y, y \in G → p.-group <<[set x; x ^ y]>>) →
  x \in 'O_p(G).

End NilPGroups.